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However, these prefixes cannot be used when determining the alphabetical priorities. When there are four of the same functional group, the name must have the prefix "tetra". When there are three of the same functional group, the name must have the prefix "tri". When there are two of the same functional group, the name must have the prefix "di". The numbers must be separated by commas, and the name of the functional group that follows must be separated by a dash. (ex: 1-chlorocyclobutane or cholorocyclobutane is acceptable)ħ) If there is more than one of the same functional group on one carbon, write the number of the carbon two, three, or four times, depending on how many of the same functional group is present on that carbon. When there is only one substituent on the parent chain, indicating the number of the carbon atoms with the substituent is not necessary. After the carbon number and the dash, the name of the substituent can follow. A dash"-" must be placed between the numbers and the name of the substituent. (ex: 2- bromo-1- chloro-3- methylcyclopentane)Ħ) Indicate the carbon number with the functional group with the highest priority according to alphabetical order. One way to make sure that the lowest number possible is assigned is to number the carbons so that when the numbers corresponding to the substituents are added, their sum is the lowest possible.ĥ) When naming the cycloalkane, the substituents and functional groups must be placed in alphabetical order. A carbon with multiple substituents should have a lower number than a carbon with only one substituent or functional group. Because cyclopropane is a substituent, it would be named a cyclopropyl-substituted alkane.ģ) Determine any functional groups or other alkyl groups.Ĥ) Number the carbons of the cycloalkane so that the carbons with functional groups or alkyl groups have the lowest possible number. The longest straight chain contains 10 carbons, compared with cyclopropane, which only contains 3 carbons. Cyclic hydrocarbons have the prefix "cyclo-".
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The naming of cycloalkanes follows a simple set of rules that are built upon the same basic steps in naming alkanes. If you count the carbons and hydrogens, you will see that they no longer fit the general formula \(C_nH_\) where \(n\) is the number of carbons. The smallest cycloalkane is cyclopropane. Cycloalkanes only contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and carbon-carbon single bonds, but in cycloalkanes, the carbon atoms are joined in a ring. Many organic compounds found in nature or created in a laboratory contain rings of carbon atoms with distinguishing chemical properties these compounds are known as cycloalkanes.